Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth.

Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth Answers

Passage 1:

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1( Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth )
below.

‘I am from a large, poor family and for many years we have done without breakfast. Ever since I joined the Street Kids International program I have been able to buy my family sugar and buns for breakfast. I have also bought myself decent second-hand clothes and shoes.’—– Doreen Soko

‘We’ve had business experience. Now I’m confident to expand what we’ve been doing. I’ve learnt cash management, and the wwy of keeping money so we save for re- investment, Now business is a part of our lives. As well, we didn’t know each other before – now we’ve made new friends.’

Fan Kaoma

Participants in the Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative Program, Zambia.

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Introduction

Although small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such opportunities to young people. Even less attention has been paid to children living on the street or in difficult circumstances.

Over the past nine years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) has been working with partner organisations in Africa, Latin America and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this
paper is to share some of the lessons S.KI. and our partners have learned.

Background
Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a peace where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, urban crime, and abuse.

Children who work on the streets an generally involved in unskilled, Labour-intensive which require long hour, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal tracing. Some may also earn income through begging, or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there
are street children who take pride in supporting themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many children may chose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid employment, and is tackle enough to allow hem to participate in other activities such as education and domestic tasks.

Street Business Partnerships

S.K.I. has worked with partner organisations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative
opportunities for street children to earn income.

• The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in s enterprise were supplied with bicycle, which they used to deliver parcels and massages, and which they ware required
  to pay for gradually from their wages. A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India.
• Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the Y.W.C.A.
  in the Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine
  boxes. They were also given a safe place to store their equipment, and faculties For individual savings.
  plans.
• The Youth Skill Enterprise initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society and the YW.CA. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, tile
  skills training and access to credit.

Lessons learned

The fowling lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organisations have Created.

• Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for very street child, Idlest, potential participant will
  have been involved in the organisation’s programs for at least six months, and trust and relationship-
  building will have already been established.
• The Involvement of the participants has been essential to the development of relevant programme
  When children have had a major role in datamining procedures, they are mora likely to abide by and enforce them.
• It is critical for a loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and is skills.
• There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live. and to
  understand more about each individual’s situation.
• Small loans are provided Initially for purchasing fixed assets such an bicycles, shoe shine kits and basic building materials for a market stall. As the entrepreneurs gain experience, the enterprises can be gradually expanded and consideration can be given to increasing loan amounts. The lean amounts in S.K.I. programs have generally ranged from US30-5100.
• All S.K.L. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the entrepreneurs used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest (lower than
  bank rates).

Conclusion

There is a need to recognise the importance of access to credit for impoverished young people seeking to fulfil economic needs. The provision of small loans to support the entrepreneurial dreams and ambitions of youth can be an collective means to help them change their lives, However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.

Questions 1-4
Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor D.
Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

1. The quotations in the box at the beginning of the article
   • A-exemplify the effects of S.K.I.
   • B-explain why S.K.I. was set up.
   • C-outline the problems of street children.
   • D-highlight the benefits to society of S.K.I.
2. The main purpose of S.K.I. is to
   • A-draw the attention of governments to the problem of street children.
   • B-provide schools and social support for street children.
   • C-encourage the public to give money to street children
   • D-give business training and loans to street children.
3. Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streets?
   • A- Unemployment
   • B -war
   • C-poverty
   • D-crime
4. In order to become more independent, street children may
   • A- reject paid employment
   • B- leave their families.
   • C-set up their own businesses.
   • D -employ other children.

Questions 5-8.
Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in bores 5-8 on your answer sheet.

Questions 9-12
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-12 on your answers sheet write

YES If the statement agrees with she claims of the writer
NO If the statement contradicts The claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

9. Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.
10. In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.
11. Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.
12. The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.

Question 13

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answer in box 13 on your an answer sheet.

The writers conclude that money should only be lent to street children.

A as part of a wider program of aid.
B for programs that are not too ambitious.
C when programs are supported by local businesses.
D the projects planned are realistic and useful.

Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth answers.

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